A Molecular Platform for Multistate Near-Infrared Electrochromism and Flip-Flop, Flip-Flap-Flop, and Ternary Memory

A diruthenium complex with a redox-active amine bridge has been designed, synthesized, and studied by single-crystal X-ray analysis and DFT and TDDFT calculations. It shows three well-separated redox processes with exclusive near-infrared (NIR) absorbance at each redox state. The electropolymerized film of a related vinyl-functionalized complex displays multistate NIR electrochromism with low operational potential, good contrast ratio, and long retention time. Flip-flop, flip-flap-flop, and ternary memories have been realized by using the obtained film (ca. 15-20nm thick) with three electrochemical inputs and three NIR optical outputs that each displays three levels of signal intensity.