期刊
CHEMPHYSCHEM
卷 11, 期 18, 页码 3859-3866出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000461
关键词
halogens; near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure; surface chemistry; water chemistry; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
资金
- EU
- PSI research commission
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences and Materials Sciences Division of the US Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
We study the surface of sodium chloride-water mixtures above, at, and below the eutectic temperature using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron-yield near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The NaCl frozen solutions are mimicking sea-salt deposits in ice or snow. Sea-salt particles emitted from the oceans are a major contributor to the global aerosol burden and can act as a catalyst for heterogeneous chemistry or as cloud condensation nuclei. The nature of halogen ions at ice surfaces and their influence on surface melting of ice are of significant current interest. We found that the surface of the frozen solution, depending on the temperature, consists of ice and different NaCl phases, that is, NaCl, NaCl center dot 2H(2)O, and surface-adsorbed water.
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