期刊
CHEMOSPHERE
卷 83, 期 3, 页码 340-348出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.025
关键词
Photolysis; Macrolide antibiotics; Azithromycin; Solar radiation; UPLC-QqToF-MS
资金
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CEMAGUA CGL2007-64551/HID, CSD2009-00065]
- NSFC [40830748]
- MOE, China
This article describes the photolysis of azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic with reported occurrence in environmental waters, under simulated solar radiation. The photodegradation followed first-order reaction kinetics in five matrices examined. In HPLC water, the degradation rate was the slowest (half-life: 20 h), whereas in artificial freshwater supplemented with nitrate (5 mg L-1) or humic acids (0.5 mg L-1) the degradation of azithromycin was enhanced by factors of 5 and 16, respectively, which indicated the role of indirect photolysis involving the formation of highly reactive species. Following chromatographic separation on a UPLC system, the characterization of the transformation products was accomplished using high-resolution QqToF-MS analysis. The presence of seven photoproducts was observed and their formation was postulated to originate from (bis)-N-demethylation in the desosamine sugar, O-demethylation in the cladinose sugar, combinations thereof, as well as from hydrolytic cleavages of the desosamine and/or cladinose residue. Two of these photoproducts could also be detected in natural photodegradation process in river water which was spiked with azithromycin. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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