期刊
CHEMOSPHERE
卷 76, 期 4, 页码 487-493出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.022
关键词
Pharmaceuticals; Photo-process; Photo-products; Biodegradability assessment
资金
- Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq-Cr/Hidro)
- German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
Photo-treatment for the removal of pharmaceuticals in effluents is a topic currently under discussion. In some countries effluents from hospitals are directly emitted into open ditches without any further treatment and with very little dilution. Under such circumstances photo-degradation in the environment can occur. However, photo-degradation does not necessarily end up with the complete mineralization of a chemical. Therefore, photo-product biodegradability and toxicity against environmental bacteria is of interest. Hospital effluents have often a pH around 9. Therefore, photo-oxidation (150 W medium-pressure Hg-lamp, batch reactor) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was studied at pH 9. The primary elimination of CIP was monitored and structures of photo-products were assessed by liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Five compounds were identified as probable products of photo-defluorination, -decarboxylation and loss of the piperazine moiety. These photo-products were not biodegradable in the Closed Bottle test - OECD 301 D. They did not affect Vibrio fisheri in the applied concentrations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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