期刊
CHEMMEDCHEM
卷 7, 期 7, 页码 1286-1294出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200104
关键词
actin; amides; Arp2; 3 complex; cancer; free-energy perturbation
资金
- Oregon Medical Research Foundation [105DG2610189]
- National Institutes of Health [5R01GM09291703]
- Greek Ministry of Education
- National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)
- European Regional Development Fund
- European Economic Area Grant
- NSF [CHE-0923589]
CK-666 (1) is a recently discovered small-molecule inhibitor of the actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex, a key actin cytoskeleton regulator with roles in bacterial pathogenesis and cancer cell motility. Although 1 is commercially available, the crystal structure of Arp2/3 complex with 1 bound has not been reported, making its mechanism of action uncertain. Furthermore, its relatively low potency increases its potential for off-target effects in vivo, complicating interpretation of its influence in cell biological studies and precluding its clinical use. Herein we report the crystal structure of 1 bound to Arp2/3 complex, which reveals that 1 binds between the Arp2 and Arp3 subunits to stabilize the inactive conformation of the complex. Based on the crystal structure, we used computational docking and free-energy perturbation calculations of monosubstituted derivatives of 1 to guide optimization efforts. Biochemical assays of ten newly synthesized compounds led to the identification of compound 2, which exhibits a threefold increase in inhibitory activity in vitro relative to 1. In addition, our computational analyses unveiled a surface groove at the interface of the Arp2 and Arp3 subunits that can be exploited for additional structure-based optimization.
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