Photodynamic Therapy Based on Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks: From Material Design to Cancer Nanotherapeutics

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly effective, noninvasive, highly selective method for cancer treatment. Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) are a type of crystalline hybrid material composed of metal centers and organic linkers. Owing to their adjustable structure, easy modification, permanent pores, and good biocompatibility, NMOFs, as either nanophotosensitizers or photosensitizer nanocarriers, have been used in PDT. In this article, we summarize the recent progress in MOF-based nanomaterials for tumor PDT. The MOF-based nanomaterials might open up new avenues for the fabrication of new types of photosensitizers for PDT.