期刊
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
卷 21, 期 4, 页码 1488-1498出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403677
关键词
conjugation; green chemistry; porphyrinoids; synthetic methods
资金
- U-FP7 Future and Emerging Technologies for Energy Efficiency (Project PEPDIODE)
- Polish National Science Centre [UMO-2011/01/N/ST5/05633]
- EUROCORES Programme EuroSolarFuels
We have developed new conditions that afford regioisomerically pure trans-A(2)B(2)-, A(3)B-, and trans-AB(2)C-porphyrins bearing aryl and arylethynyl substituents. The porphyrins were prepared by the acid-catalyzed condensation of dipyrromethanes with aldehydes followed by oxidation with p-chloranil or 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). Optimal conditions for the condensation were identified after examining various reaction parameters such as solvent composition, acid concentration, and reaction time. The conditions identified (for aromatic aldehydes: EtOH/H2O 4:1, [DPM]=4 mm, [aldehyde] = 4 mm, [HCl] = 38 mm, 16 h; for arylethynyl aldehydes: THF/H2O 2:1, [DPM] = 13 mm, [aldehyde] = 13 mm, [HCl] = 150 mm, 3 h) resulted in the formation of porphyrins in yields of 9-38% without detectable scrambling. This synthesis is compatible with diverse functionalities such as ester or nitrile. In total, 20 new trans-A(2)B(2)-, A(3)B-, and trans-AB(2)C-porphyrins were prepared. The scope and limitations of the two sets of reaction conditions have been explored. The methodological advantage of this approach is its straightforward access to building blocks and the formation of the porphyrin core in higher yields than by any other methodology and by using environmentally benign and nonhazardous chemicals.
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