期刊
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
卷 16, 期 4, 页码 1232-1245出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900778
关键词
aggregation-induced emission; biosensors; DNA; fluorescent probes; G-quadruplexes
资金
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [603008, 602706]
- Ministry of Science & Technology of China [2009CB623605]
- National Science Foundation of China [20634020]
- Cao Guangbiao Foundation of Zhejiang University
Whereas most conventional DNA probes are flat disklike aromatic molecules, we explored the possibility of developing quadruplex sensors with nonplanar conformations, in particular, the propeller-shaped tetraphenylethene (TPE) salts with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. 1,1,2,2-Tetrakis[4-(2-triethylammonioethoxy)-phenyl]ethene tetrabromide (TPE-1) was found to show a specific affinity to a particular quadruplex structure formed by a human telomeric DNA strand in the presence of K+ ions, as indicated by the enhanced and batho-chromically shifted emission of the AIE fluorogen. Steady-state and time-resolved spectral analyses revealed that the specific binding stems from a structural matching between the AIE fluorogen and the DNA strand in the folding process. Computational modeling suggests that the AIE molecule docks on the grooves of the quadruplex surface with the aid of electrostatic attraction. The binding preference of TPE-1 enables it to serve as a bioprobe for direct monitoring of cation-driven conformational transitions between the quadruplexes of various conformations, a job unachievable by the traditional G-quadruplex biosensors. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays reveal that TPE-1 is cytocompatible, posing no toxicity to living cells.
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