期刊
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
卷 23, 期 20, 页码 4563-4577出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/cm2019668
关键词
organic solar cell; photovoltaic; organic field-effect transistor; n-type organic semiconductor; naphthalene diimide; donor-acceptor oligomer; non-fullerene electron acceptor; charge transport
资金
- U.S. DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science [DE-FG02-07ER46467]
- NSF [DMR 0805259, DMR 0120967]
- ONR [N00014-11-1-0317, N00014-08-1-1148]
- UNCF/Merck
A homologous series of six novel oligothiophene-naphthalene diimide-based oligomer semiconductors with a donor-acceptor architecture, NDI-nTH (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) and NDI-nT (n = 2, 3), was synthesized and used to explore a set of criteria for the design of non-fullerene electron acceptor materials for organic solar cells. Thin films of the oligomer semiconductors had optical band gaps that varied from 2.1 eV in NDI-1TH and 1.6 eV in NDI-3TH to 1.4 eV in NDI-4TH, demonstrating good potential for light harvesting and exciton generation. The LUMO energy levels of the oligomer semiconductors were similar (ca. -4.0 eV), but the HOMO levels varied from -5.5 eV in NDI-3TH and NDI-4TH to -6.1 eV in NDI-1TH, showing that suitable energy band offsets necessary for efficient photoinduced charge transfer could be achieved with current donor polymers. Single-crystal X-ray structures of NDI-3TH and NDI-4TH showed a slipped face-to-face pi-stacking with short intermolecular distances (0.321-0.326 nm), which enabled facile self-assembly of single-crystalline nanowires from solution. Sin coated thin films of NDI-nTH and NDI-nT were mostly crystalline and had field-effect electron mobilities of up to (2-9) x 10(-4) cm(2)/(Vs). Bulk heterojunction solar cells incorporating one of the n-type oligomer semiconductors as the electron acceptor and poly(3-hexylthiophene) as the electron donor showed a power conversion efficiency of 1.5% with an open circuit voltage of 0.82 V and a bicontinuous nanoscale morphology.
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