Self-Assembled Hollow Spheres of β-Ni(OH)2 and Their Derived Nanomaterials

This paper describes a novel solution-based chemical process to architect hollow spheres of beta-Ni(OH)(2) with controllable sizes in submicrometer and micrometer regimes. In the synthesis, starting nickel salt (nitrate) is first converted to 6-coordinated nickel ion complex [Ni(EDA)(3)](2+) (bidentate ligand EDA = C2H4(NH2)(2)) to avoid rapid solid formation. Hollow and core-shell beta-Ni(OH)(2) spheres can be obtained with this template-free approach under one-pot conditions. The beta-Ni(OH)(2) spheres are constructed from petal-like nanobuilding units which in turn are formed from even smaller nanocrystallites. The obtained porous beta-Ni(OH)(2) spheres have a large specific surface area and show a unimodal pore-size distribution. Several preparative parameters have been examined and optimized. In particular, the concentration of divalent nickel in the starting solutions plays an important role in controlling thickness of the petal-like beta-Ni(OH)(2) flakes and diameter of spheres. The beta-Ni(OH)(2) flakes self-assemble into final spherical products through a donut-like structural intermediate. Furthermore, the beta-Ni(OH)(2) hollow spheres can be used as solid precursors to synthesize other nanostructured derivatives. In this work, phase pure inorganic nanostructures, carbon nanotube (CNT)-inorganic nanocomposites, and inorganic-inorganic nanocomposites (e.g., NiO, Ni, NiO/Ni, Ni/beta-Ni(OH)(2), CNTs/NiO, CNTs/Ni, Ni@CNTs, Fe(OH)(3)/beta-Ni(OH)(2), Co(OH)(2)/beta-Ni(OH)(2), and Mg(OH)(2)/beta-Ni(OH)(2)) have been prepared via solid-state thermal decomposition, gas-phase reduction, solution-based reduction, surface oxidation, chemical vapor deposition, and liquid-phase deposition. A greater picture for general synthesis of Ni-containing nanomaterials is thus obtained.