An Approach to 12-V Lead-free Batteries: High Temperature 3600-cycle Examinations on a 2.5-V LTO/LAMO Battery

A 2.5-V battery consisting of lithium titanium oxide (LTO) and lithium aluminum manganese oxide (LAMO) having spinel-framework structures was examined from I to 3 V at 55 degrees C. After several trials on capacity retention at high temperatures, we have succeeded to show that the rechargeable capacity is retained at greater than 80% even after 3600 cycles at 55 degrees C by applying cellulose nonwoven cloth as a separator, satisfying requirement for 12-V automobile applications.