Hybrid electronics and electrochemistry with conjugated polymers

In this critical review, we discuss the history and development of polymer devices wherein manipulation of the electronic conductivity by electrochemical redox processes in a conjugated polymer is used to form new functions. The devices employed are an electrochemical transistor, an electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor and light-emitting electrochemical cells, all of which combine doping/undoping of a conjugated polymer with modification of electronic transport (130 references).