Infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis to appraise α-cellulose extracted from wood for stable carbon isotope measurements

Wood is a heterogeneous material mainly constituted of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, and extractives which all have different isotopic signatures. For applications where delta C-13 measurement of alpha-cellulose is required, it is important that residues of the other constituents remain below an acceptable level. The laboratory method most widely used for the extraction of alpha-cellulose consists of several successive treatments: organic solvents and boiled water, acidified sodium chlorite (NaClO2) application, and finally a NaOH treatment. Different variants of this method were tested systematically to optimize the extraction of alpha-cellulose from wood samples of four tree species: oak, beech, poplar, and pine. Mid-infrared spectroscopy in Attenuated Total Reflection mode (IR-ATR) combined with a curve resolution method (Bayesian Positive Sources Separation statistical analysis) was used to monitor the residues of other wood constituents in extracted alpha-cellulose. IR-ATR spectroscopy was shown to be sensitive enough to detect residual compounds in alpha-cellulose extracts below a concentration which does not present a measurable bias for delta C-13 measurements. For all tree species, a residual concentration of lignin below the bias threshold for delta C-13 measurements was reached with fewer additions of acidic NaClO2 than usually reported. Further the NaOH treatment step was not necessary to remove the hemicelluloses from oak and beech. Infrared spectroscopy combined with a curve resolution method is appropriate to improve alpha-cellulose extraction species-specifically for reliable stable carbon isotope delta C-13 measurements. It allows to check the extracted alpha-cellulose and to reduce the consumption of chemicals, the extraction time and the loss of alpha-cellulose. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.