Scaling of the bubble formation in a flow-focusing device: Role of the liquid viscosity

The present work studies the bubble formation in viscous liquids with the viscosity ranging from 5 to 400 mPa s by using a high-speed digital camera. The experiment was carried out in a flow-focusing device with square cross-section of 600 x 600 mu m. Results show that the viscous shear stress strongly influences the dynamics of bubble formation, including the shape and size of bubbles. The bubble size follows power-law relations with the gas flow rate, the flow rate and viscosity of the liquid phase respectively, indicating that bubbles formed in viscous fluids are controlled by a combination of squeezing mechanism and shearing mechanism. Therefore, the bubble size can be predicted by a power law function depending on the flow rate ratio of gas and liquid phases phi representing the squeezing mechanism and capillary number Ca representing the shearing mechanism. In addition, the dynamics of bubble formation in viscous liquids in a flow focusing device is also analyzed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved