Parameter studies of the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: Effect on particle formation and size

The large scale synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles in the nonaqueous benzyl alcohol route was investigated with respect to the influence of process parameters, like temperature, pressure, reactor filling ratio, agitator speed and precursor concentration, on the induction time of particle formation and particle size. A coherence of the varied process parameters and the molecular reaction mechanism was found that supports the suggested mechanism of particle formation, representing an important step toward a controllable and predictable particle synthesis. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved