In situ chemical mapping of a lithium-ion battery using full-field hard X-ray spectroscopic imaging

In situ tracking of chemical phase transformation, mapping, and composition information of a battery with CuO as the anode was performed with quantitative analysis at sub-30 nm resolution with a 40 x 40 mu m field of view using transmission X-ray microscopy combined with spectroscopy. A size-dependent and core-shell lithiation-delithiation mechanism was suggested for the electrochemical reaction.