Highly efficient uniform ZnO nanostructures for an electron transport layer of inverted organic solar cells

A highly uniform and predesigned ZnO nanostructure fabricated by single step direct nanoimprinting was used as the efficient electron transport layer (ETL) in inverted bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. Improved photovoltaic cell efficiency with long- term stability can be observed due to the large interface between the active layer and nanostructured ZnO ETL.