Platinum group metals (PGM); occurrence, use and recent trends in their determination

Details of the occurrence of the platinum group metals (PCM) in the Earth's crust and the composition of the principal minerals are presented along with data on supply and demand of PCM in different fields. Trace level determination of the PGM requires preconcentration. Methods such as fire assay, chlorination, ion exchange, etc., are dealt with, Analytical techniques used for the determination of PCM such as spectrophotometry, atomic absorption, neutron activation methods, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICPMS) are discussed. The ICPMS technique, which has a leading role because of its high sensitivity, simultaneous multi-element capability and a fair degree of tolerance to interferences, is discussed in detail. The need for availability and use of certified reference materials of similar matrix and appropriate PCM content in obtaining reliable data is also discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.