Synthesis of Cd2+-functionalized titanium phosphate nanoparticles and application as labels for electrochemical immunoassays

Porous titanium phosphate (TiP) nanoparticles with high water solubility have been synthesized by using the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the structure-directing agent. The TiP nanoparticles can be functionalized with Cd2+ and can be further used as labels for electrochemical detection of proteins due to their excellent ion-exchange property.