Multiplexed near-infrared in vivo imaging complementarily using quantum dots and upconverting NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ nanoparticles

A new multiplexed NIR in vivo imaging is showcased by using quantum dots and NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ nanoparticles. The 'temporal' multiplexing is demonstrated by alternating the excitation wavelengths and unmixing the emissions of different probes. Multiplexed cellular imaging and the cellular trafficking in animal models are shown.