Combining carbohydrate substitutions at bioinspired positions with multivalent presentation towards optimising lectin inhibitors: case study with calixarenes

Carbohydrate derivatisation and glycocluster formation are both known to enhance avidity for lectin binding. Using a plant toxin and human adhesion/growth-regulatory lectins (inter-and intrafamily comparisons) the effect of their combination is examined. In detail, aromatic substituents were introduced at the 2-N or 30-positions of N-acetyllactosamine and the products conjugated to two types of calix[n] arenes (n = 4, 6) via thiourea-linker chemistry.