Distance-independent quenching of quantum dots by nanoscale-graphene in self-assembled sandwich immunoassay

A promising one-step homogeneous fluoroimmunoassay based on nanoscale-graphene sheets as powerful fluorescence acceptors and CdTe quantum dots as vigorous donors was designed to detect trace biomarker protein with distance-independent quenching efficiency, which significantly broke the distance limit (100 angstrom) in traditional fluorescent biosensors.