Pharmacophore Modeling and Density Functional Theory Analysis for A Series of Nitroimidazole Compounds with Antitubercular Activity

In an attempt to highlight structural features required for potent antitubercular activity, five pharmacophoric features were developed for PA-824 and its analogs. The generated pharmacophore indicated importance of a nitro group, three hydrogen bond acceptor features, and a distal aromatic ring for potent activity. The model based on pharmacophore alignment has good correlation coefficient for the training set (r(2) = 0.81, SD = 0.31, F = 122.9, N = 152), which was evaluated using a test set (Q(2) = 0.77, root-mean-square error = 0.35, Pearson-R = 0.88, N = 49). Structure-activity relationship investigation further revealed that hydrophobic substitutions at the para-position of distal aromatic ring could lead to more potent analogs. The most active and inactive compounds were further studied using density functional theory at B3LYP/3-21*G level. The calculated electrostatic profile indicated that these compounds possess maximum negative potential in the vicinity of nitro group extending laterally to the imidazole ring. Furthermore, the calculated electron affinity values indicate the stability of radical anions, which could form upon one electron reduction in the biological system, thus, indicating the electron acceptor capacity of these compounds. Results of this study are expected to be useful in the design of novel potent nitroimidazoles as antitubercular agents.