Role of penicillin-binding proteins in the initiation of the AmpC beta-lactamase expression in Enterobacter cloacae

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are involved in the regulation of beta-lactamase expression by determining the level of anhydromuramylpeptides in the periplasmatic space. It was hypothesized that one or more PBPs act as a sensor in the beta-lactamase induction pathway. We have performed induction studies with Escherichia coli mutants lacking one to four PBPs with DD-carboxypeptidase activity. Therefore, we conclude that a strong beta-lactamase inducer must inhibit all DD-carboxypeptidases as well as the essential PBPs 1a, 1b, and/or 2.