期刊
ACTA MATERIALIA
卷 48, 期 1, 页码 1-29出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00285-2
关键词
nanostructured materials; chemical stability; thermodynamics; mechanical properties; microstructure
Nanostructured Materials (NsM) are materials with a microstructure the characteristic length scale of which is on the order of a few (typically 1-10) nanometers. NsM may be in or far away from thermodynamic equilibrium. NsM synthesized by supramolecular chemistry are examples of NsM in thermodynamic equilibrium. NsM consisting of nanometer-sized crystallites (e.g. of Au or NaCl) with different crystallographic orientations and/or chemical compositions are far away from thermodynamic equilibrium. The properties of NsM deviate from those of single crystals (or coarse-grained polycrystals) and/or glasses with the same average chemical composition. This deviation results from the reduced size and/or dimensionality of the nanometer-sized crystallites as well as from the numerous interfaces between adjacent crystallites. An attempt is made to summarize the basic physical concepts and the microstructural features of equilibrium and non-equilibrium NsM. (C) 2000 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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