Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion impairs vasomotor functions of pulmonary vascular bed

Objective To investigate the effects of intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) on the pulmonary vascular endothelium and smooth muscle. Summary Background Data Respiratory failure is an important cause of death and complications after intestinal I/R. Although the mechanism of respiratory failure in this setting is complex and poorly understood, recent studies of lung injury suggest that endothelial dysfunction may play a significant role. Methods A rat model of acute lung injury was studied after 60 minutes of superior mesenteric arterial occlusion followed by either 120 or 240 minutes of reperfusion. The pulmonary vasomotor function was examined in isolated lungs perfused at a constant flow rate. Results Sixty minutes of intestinal ischemia followed by 120 or 240 minutes of reperfusion led to a significant reduction in the ability of the pulmonary vasculature to respond to angiotensin ii, acetylcholine, and calcium ionophore but not to nitroglycerin. The vasoconstriction response to N-G-nitro-L-arginine methyl eater, which is a measure of basal nitric oxide release, was diminished in the 240-minute reperfusion group. Intestinal I/R was also associated with pulmonary leukosequestration and increased pulmonary microvascular leakage. Conclusions Basal and agonist-stimulated release of nitric oxide from the pulmonary vascular endothelium and the ability of pulmonary smooth muscle to contract in response to angiotensin II were impaired by intestinal I/R. Such functional impairment in both pulmonary vascular endothelium and smooth muscle may contribute to the alveolocapillary dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension found in acute lung injury after intestinal I/R.