Equations of state for the calculation of fluid-phase equilibria

Progress in developing equations of state for the calculation of fluid-phase equilibria is reviewed. There are many alternative equations of state capable of calculating the phase equilibria of a diverse range of fluids. A wide range of equations of stare from cubic equations for simple molecules to theoretically-based equations for molecular chains is considered. An overview is also given of work on mixing rules that are used to apply equations of state to mixtures. Historically, the development of equations of state has been largely empirical. However equations of state are being formulated increasingly with the benefit of greater theoretical insights. It is now quite common to use molecular simulation data to test the theoretical basis of equations of state. Many of these theoretically-based equations are capable of providing reliable calculations, particularly for large molecules.