Heat shock proteins refine the danger theory

Evidence is mounting to support the theory that 'danger' associated with tissue damage and stress is a level of control of antigen-specific immune responses. Heat shock proteins are emerging as key danger signals, but their influence on immune responses is not a simple one, particularly in affecting antigen processing and presentation. Such influences may extend to numerous immunological situations. Potential exists for heat shock proteins to be utilized in immune modulation, especially in cancer immunotherapy.