Topology optimization with design-dependent loads

This paper presents a generalization of topology optimization of a linearly elastic structure subject to design-dependent loads. The direction and location of the design-dependent loads may change as the shape of the structure changes. A new approach based on applying a fictitious thermal loading to simulate this dependent load is proposed. The optimization of the structural topology is transformed to a three-phase material distribution problem within the design domain in which the solid, void, and hydrostatic fluid phases are optimally distributed. Examples of both internally and externally pressurized structures are presented. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.