期刊
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
卷 80, 期 1, 页码 103-120出版社
BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3495(01)75998-X
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- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES [T32AR007592] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIAMS NIH HHS [AR07592] Funding Source: Medline
We present a model that provides a unified framework for studying Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+ waves in cardiac cells. The model is novel in combining 1) use of large currents (similar to 20 pA) through the Ca2+ release units (CRUs) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR); 2) stochastic Ca2+ release (or firing) of CRUs; 3) discrete, asymmetric distribution of CRUs along the longitudinal (separation distance of 2 mum) and transverse (separated by 0.4-0.8 mum) directions of the cell; and 4) anisotropic diffusion of Ca2+ and fluorescent indicator to study the evolution of Ca2+ waves from Ca2+ sparks. The model mimics the important features of Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+ waves in terms of the spontaneous spark rate, the Ca2+ wave velocity, and the pattern of wave propagation. Importantly, these features are reproduced when using experimentally measured values for the CRU Ca2+ sensitivity (similar to 15 muM). Stochastic control of CRU firing is important because it imposes constraints on the Ca2+ sensitivity of the CRU. Even with moderate (similar to5 muM) Ca2+ sensitivity the very high spontaneous spark rate triggers numerous Ca2+ waves. In contrast, a single Ca2+ wave with arbitrarily large velocity can exist in a deterministic model when the CRU Ca2+ sensitivity is sufficiently high. The combination of low CRU Ca2+ sensitivity (similar to 15 muM), high cytosolic Ca2+ buffering capacity, and the spatial separation of CRUs help control the inherent instability of SR Ca2+ release. This allows Ca2+ waves to form and propagate given a sufficiently large initiation region, but prevents a single spark or a small group of sparks from triggering a wave.
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