期刊
QUATERNARY RESEARCH
卷 57, 期 1, 页码 9-21出版社
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1006/qres.2001.2284
关键词
Dead Sea; Lake Lisan; late Pleistocene; lake levels; paleoclimatology; lacustrine deposits; fan-delta; sequence stratigraphy
Lake Lisan, the late Pleistocene precursor of the Dead Sea, existed from 70,000 to 15,000 yr B.P It evolved through frequent water-level fluctuations, which reflected the regional hydrological and climatic conditions. We determined the water level of the lake for the time interval similar to55,000-15,000 cal yr B.P by mapping offshore, nearshore, and fan-delta sediments; by application of sequence stratigraphy methods; and by dating with radiocarbon and U-series methods. During the studied time interval the lake-level fluctuated between similar to340 and 160 m below mean sea level (msl). Between 55,000 and 30,000 cal yr B.P the lake evolved through short-term fluctuations around 280-290 m below msl, punctuated (at 48,000-43,000 cal yr B.P) by a drop event to at least 340 m below msl. At similar to27,000 cal yr B.P the lake began to rise sharply, reaching its maximum elevation of about 164 m below msl between 26,000 and 23,000 cal yr B.P, then it began dropping and reached 300 m below msl at similar to15,000 cal yr B. P. During the Holocene the lake, corresponding to the present Dead Sea, stabilized at ca. 400 m below msl with minor fluctuations. The hypsometric curve of the basin indicates that large changes in lake area are expected at above 403 and 385 m below msl. At these elevations the lake level is buffered. Lake Lisan was always higher than 380 m below msl, indicating a significantly large water contribution to the basin. The long and repetitious periods of stabilization at 280-290 m below msl during Lake Lisan time indicate hydrological control combined with the existence of a physical sill at this elevation. Crossing this sill could not have been achieved without a dramatic increase in the total water input to the lake, as occurred during the fast and intense lake rise from similar to280 to 160 m below msl at similar to27,000 cal yr B.P (C) 2002 University of Washington.
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