Selective photothermal interaction using an 805-nm diode laser and indocyanine green in gel phantom and chicken breast tissue

Laser immunotherapy, a novel therapy for breast cancer, utilises selective photothermal interaction to raise the temperature of tumour tissue above the cell damage threshold. Photothermal interaction is achieved with intratumoral injection of a laser-absorbing dye followed by non-invasive laser irradiation. When tumour heating is used in combination with immunoadjuvant to stimulate an immune response, antitumour immunity can be achieved. In this study, the selective photothermal effect was investigated using gel phantom and chicken breast tissue. An 805-nm diode laser and indocyanine green (ICG) were used. An ICG-containing gelatin phantom was constructed to simulate targeted tumour tissue. The target gel was buried inside chicken breast tissue and the tissue-gel construct was irradiated by the laser. Temperatures at different locations in the construct were measured during the laser irradiation. For comparison, the thermal effect of an Nd:YAG laser on the tissue-gel construct was also investigated. Selective heating of target gel containing 0.27% ICG and buried 1 cm below the chicken tissue surface was achieved with the 805-nm diode laser using a power of 0.85 W and beam radius of 1 cm. The target gel experienced a temperature increase of more then 6degreesC whereas the surrounding chicken breast tissue experienced only a minor temperature increase. The feasibility of this experimental set-up has been shown. It will be used in the future to optimise treatment parameters such as laser power, laser beam radius, and dye concentration.