Comparison of PVDF- and FEP-based radiation-grafted alkaline anion-exchange membranes for use in low temperature portable DMFCs

Vinylbenzyl chloride has been radiation grafted onto both PVDF and FEP fluoropolymer films; subsequent amination and ion-exchange to give the hydroxide ion forms yield anion-exchange membranes suitable for use in low temperature direct methanol fuel cells for portable applications.