期刊
CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
卷 48, 期 5, 页码 1829-1842出版社
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000492505
关键词
Skeletal muscle; Inflammation; Exosome; Myokine; Myogenic differentiation; Atrophy
资金
- Extramural grant of Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd.
- WCSL at Inha University
- Mid-career Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea [2016R1A2B4008399]
- Medical Research Center through the National Research Foundation of Korea [2014009392]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2016R1A2B4008399] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
Background/Aims: The complicated differentiation processes of cells in skeletal muscle against inflammation that induce muscle atrophy are not fully elucidated. Given that skeletal muscle is a secretory organ, we evaluated the effects of inflammation on myogenic signals and myokine expression, and the roles of inflammatory exosomes released by myotubes in myogenic differentiation. Methods: Inflammation was induced by treatment of fully differentiated C2C12 myotubes with a cytokine mixture of TNF-alpha and INF-gamma. Exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) were isolated from conditioned media of control or inflamed myotubes and incubated with myoblasts. The expression of molecular switches that contribute to myogenic differentiation, including several kinases, their downstream targets, and myokines, were evaluated using immunoblot analysis in inflamed myotubes and in myoblasts treated with ELVs. Results: Inflammation activated molecular mechanisms contributing to muscle atrophy, including AMPK, p-38 MAPK and JNK, while inhibiting Akt-mediated myogenic signals. In addition, inflammation induced myostatin expression with suppression of a myostatin-counteracting myokine, decorin. Well-characterized ELVs released from inflamed myotubes induced myoblast inflammation and inhibited myogenic mechanisms while stimulating atrophic signals. Conclusion: Inflammation of skeletal muscle induces muscle atrophy via multiple mechanisms, including the regulation of myokines and kinases. Inflammatory ELVs are likely to contribute to inflammation-induced muscle atrophy. (C) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
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