期刊
GENOMICS
卷 79, 期 3, 页码 445-450出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1006/geno.2002.6722
关键词
alanine transaminase; metabolism; cloning; gene structure; chromosomal localization
资金
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [R21DK057835] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIDDK NIH HHS [R21DK57835] Funding Source: Medline
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate, and thereby has a key role in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids. Two ALT isoenzymes are known to exist, but only one ALT gene has been cloned, GPT. In this study, we cloned a homolog of GPT and named it GPT2, and the corresponding protein ALT2. GPT2 shares, 69% identity and 78% similarity at the protein level to the previously cloned GPT. The human gene GPT2 encodes a 3.9-kb mRNA, consists of 12 exons, spanning approximately 50 kb of the genome, and maps to chromosome 16q12.1. GPT2 and GPT differ in mRNA expression in that GPT2 is highly expressed in muscle, fat, and kidney, whereas GPT is mainly expressed in kidney, liver, and heart. In addition, GPT2 seems to be the predominant form of GPT at the mRNA level in these tissues. Expression of ALT2 protein in Escherichia coli produced a functional recombinant enzyme that catalyzes alanine transamination, confirming that the enzyme is an ALT. The more abundant expression of GPT2 than GPT, especially in muscle and fat, suggests a unique and previously unrecognized role of this gene product in glucose, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis.
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