Transient Forebrain Ischemia Impact on Lymphocyte DNA Damage, Glutamic Acid Level, and SOD Activity in Blood

Aims Brain ischemia-reperfusion injury remains incompletely understood but appears to involve a complex series of interrelated biochemical pathways caused mainly by a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present work we studied the impact of postischemic condition in the early phase of reperfusion on plasma and blood cells. Methods Transient forebrain ischemia was induced in Wistar rats by four-vessel occlusion model. Blood samples collected during postischemic reperfusion 20, 40, 60, 90, and 120 min after ischemia were used for assessing breaks of lymphocyte DNA, fluorimetric measurement of whole blood glutamate concentration, and spectrophotometrical determination of SOD activity in plasma and blood cells. Results Our results showed the most interesting changes of all observed parameters mainly at 40 and 120 min of reperfusion, when we observed peak DNA damage of lymphocytes and highest glutamate level and total and Cu/Zn SOD activity. At those time points, Mn SOD activity was low in plasma, as well as in blood cells. On the contrary, at 60 and 90 min, all studied parameters were approximately at the level of control. Conclusion Ischemia/reperfusion injury has influence on blood cells and has at least two waves of impact on DNA damage of peripheral lymphocytes, affects activity of major antioxidant enzymes SODs, as well as blood glutamic acid level. Elevation of Mn SOD activity probably plays an important role in the processes of elimination of postischemic damage in blood cells.