G protein βγ subunits:: Central mediators of G protein-coupled receptor signaling

G protein beta gamma subunits are central participants in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways. They interact with receptors, G protein alpha subunits and downstream targets to coordinate multiple, different GPCR functions. Much is known about the biology of G beta gamma subunits but mysteries remain. Here, we will review what is known about general aspects of structure and function of G beta gamma as well as discuss emerging mechanisms for regulation of G beta gamma signaling. Recent data suggest that G beta gamma is a potential therapeutic drug target. Thus, a thorough understanding of the molecular and physiological functions of G beta gamma has significant implications.