期刊
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
卷 16, 期 6, 页码 1186-1195出版社
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00623.x
关键词
Ficus; fig wasps; mutualism; plant-insect interactions; pollination biology; oviposition site limitation
Some female pollinating fig wasps (foundresses) re-emerge from figs after oviposition/pollination. We investigated why this occurs in the mutualism between the gynodioecious Ficus montana and Liporrhopalum tentacularis. Re-emergence increased with foundress density in figs and some foundresses oviposited in two male figs, indicating that they re-emerge because of oviposition site limitation. Re-emergence was independent of fig diameter, indicating that permeability is not because of fig age at entry. Rather, as some foundresses also pollinate two female figs we suggest permeability is selected for because it increases pollinator production and/or efficiency (although, potentially opposing these hypotheses, we also found between-tree differences in permeability in male figs). In addition, we show that re-emergence is much more common than previously suspected, and more common from gynodioecious than monoecious fig species. We argue that our findings in F. montana could explain this pattern of incidence.
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