期刊
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
卷 115, 期 11, 页码 1344-1355出版社
ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER
DOI: 10.1130/B25200.1
关键词
fringing reef; reef morphology; spur-and-groove structure; lidar; bathymetry; waves
High-resolution Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey (SHOALS) laser-determined bathymetric data were used to define the morphology of spur-and-groove structures on the fringing reef off the south coast of Molokai, Hawaii. These data provide a basis for mapping and analyzing morphology of the reef with a level of precision and spatial coverage never before attained. An extensive fringing coral reef stretches along the central two-thirds of Molokai's south shore (similar to40 km); along the east and west ends there is only a thin veneer of living coral with no developed reef complex. In total, similar to4800 measurements of spur-and-groove height and the distance between adjacent spur crests (wavelength) were obtained along four isobaths. Between the 5m and 15m isobaths, the mean spur height increased from 0.7 m to 1.6 m, whereas the mean wavelength increased from 71 m to 104 m. Reef flat width was found to exponentially decrease with increasing wave energy. Overall, mean spur-and-groove height and wavelength were shown to be inversely proportional to wave energy. In high-energy environments, spur-and-groove morphology remains relatively constant across all water depths. In low-energy environments, however, spur-and-groove structures display much greater variation; they are relatively small and narrow in shallow depths and develop into much larger and broader features in deeper water. Therefore, it appears that waves exert a primary control on both the small- and large-scale morphology of the reef off south Molokai.
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