An extension of the Green and Gurson models to kinematic hardening

The Green and Gurson models are extended in order to de cribe kinematic hardening. The extension is based on the definition of an effective stress accounting for both shear and hydrostatic stresses. It is shown that both models fit into the thermodynamical framework proposed by Lemaitre and Chaboche. The predictions of the extended Gurson model are in agreement with unit cell calculations, The model is then applied to simulate the monotonic failure of smooth tensile bars and the cyclic failure of notched and cracked bats. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.