期刊
HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR
卷 43, 期 1, 页码 60-66出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/S0018-506X(02)00016-8
关键词
adrenocorticotropin; cortisol; corticotropin-releasing factor; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; major depression; social separation; Saimiri; squirrel monkey
资金
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R01MH047573] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
A consistent finding in biological psychiatry is that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis physiology is altered in humans with major depression. These findings include hypersecretion of cortisol at baseline and on the dexamethasone suppression test. In this review, we present a process-oriented model for HPA axis regulation in major depression. Specifically, we suggest that acute depressions are characterized by hypersecretion of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor, pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and adrenal cortisol. In chronic depressions, however, enhanced adrenal responsiveness to ACTH and glucocorticoid negative feedback work in complementary fashion so that cortisol levels remain elevated while ACTH levels are reduced. In considering the evidence for hypercortisolism in humans, studies of nonhuman primates are presented and their utility and limitations as comparative models of human depression are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
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