期刊
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
卷 41, 期 4, 页码 329-336出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2003.00479.x
关键词
grazing suitability; indigenous ecological knowledge; landscape; Maasai pastoralists; rangeland biodiversity; species richness
类别
This paper incorporates the indigenous ecological knowledge (IEK) of the Maasai pastoralists and ecological methods to assess effects of grazing and cropping on rangeland biodiversity at macro- and micro-landscape scales in northern Tanzania. The joint surveys with pastoralists identified indicator plant species and their associations with micro-landscapes and livestock grazing suitability (i.e. for cattle and small ruminant grazing), while traditional calf-pasture reserves (alalili pl. alalilia) were evaluated for preservation of rangeland biodiversity. The macro-landscapes comprising the cool high plateau (osupuko pl. isipuki) and montane forest highland (endim) were included in the survey. At micro-landscape scales, the osupuko was classified into uplands (orkung'u), slopes (andamata) and dry valley bottomlands (ayarata). The micro-landscapes were assessed in terms of herbaceous plant species and woody species richness and risks of soil erosion. Biodiversity varied at both the macro- and micro-landscape scales and in accordance with the land-use types. Greater plant species diversity and less erosion risks were found in the pastoral landscapes than in the agro-pastoral landscapes. The calf-grazing pastures had greater herbaceous species richness than the non-calf pastures, which in turn had more woody species. The study concludes that the indigenous systems of landscape classification provides a valuable basis for assessing rangeland biodiversity, which ecologists should incorporate into ecological surveys of the rangelands in East Africa in the future.
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