Contribution to the welfare of captive wolves (Canis lupus lupus): A behavioral comparison of six wolf packs

An interesting way to understand and eventually improve the well-being of captive animals is to compare different living and social conditions, in order to analyze the behavioral differences between animals living in very restrictive conditions and animals enjoying more permissive ones. In the present study we performed 10 observations of six wolf enclosures with quite different living and social conditions. The rest/activity balance, behavioral diversity, and use of available space were used as welfare criteria. Results show that the proportion of time resting was higher in large, comfortable enclosures. In each park, animals used only a part of the available space, the proportion being lower in large enclosures. The behavioral diversity was little affected by the size of the enclosure, but highly related to the composition of the pack. The results underline the importance of spatial choice and social group management. Zoo Biol 22:33-44, 2003 (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.