期刊
JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES
卷 33, 期 2, 页码 157-177出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/0734904114565581
关键词
Flame retardancy; aluminum phosphinate; thermoplastic elastomers; synergy; flammability
资金
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen (AiF) within the framework of the program Forderung der Industriellen Gemeinschaftsforschung (IGF) of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy [438 ZN]
Multicomponent flame retardant systems containing aluminum diethylphosphinate in thermoplastic styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene elastomers are investigated (oxygen index, UL 94, cone calorimeter, and mechanical testing). Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis illuminate the interactions in the condensed phase. Thermoplastic styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene elastomers are a challenge for flame retardancy (peak heat release rate at 50kWm(-2)>2000kWm(-2), oxygen index=17.2vol%, no UL-94 horizontal burn rating) since it burns without residue and with a very high effective heat of combustion. Adding aluminum diethylphosphinate results in efficient flame inhibition and improves the reaction to small flame, but it is less effective in the cone calorimeter. Its efficacy levels off for amounts >approximate to 25wt%. As the most promising synergistic system, aluminum diethylphosphinate/melamine polyphosphate was identified, combining the main gas action of aluminum diethylphosphinate with condensed phase mechanisms. The protection layer was further improved with several adjuvants. Keeping the overall flame retardant content at 30wt%, aluminum diethylphosphinate/melamine polyphosphate/titanium dioxide and aluminum diethylphosphinate/melamine polyphosphate/boehmite were the best approaches. An oxygen index of up to 27vol% was achieved and a horizontal burn rating in UL 94 with immediate self-extinction; peak heat release rate decreased by up to 85% compared to thermoplastic styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene elastomers, to <300kWm(-2).
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