期刊
CELL CALCIUM
卷 52, 期 3-4, 页码 208-216出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.06.004
关键词
Ribbon synapses; Calcium channels; Exocytosis; Synaptic transmission; Transmitter release; Short-term plasticity; Calcium microdomains
类别
资金
- NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY014043] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDCD NIH HHS [R01 DC004274] Funding Source: Medline
Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels triggers the release of neurotransmitters at presynaptic terminals. Some sensory receptor cells in the peripheral auditory and visual systems have specialized synapses that express an electron-dense organelle called a synaptic ribbon. Like conventional synapses, ribbon synapses exhibit SNARE-mediated exocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and short-term plasticity. However, unlike non-ribbon synapses, voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel opening at ribbon synapses triggers a form of multiquantal release that can be highly synchronous. Furthermore, ribbon synapses appear to be specialized for fast and high throughput exocytosis controlled by graded membrane potential changes. Here we will discuss some of the basic aspects of synaptic transmission at different types of ribbon synapses, and we will emphasize recent evidence that auditory and retinal ribbon synapses have marked differences. This will lead us to suggest that ribbon synapses are specialized for particular operating ranges and frequencies of stimulation. We propose that different types of ribbon synapses transfer diverse rates of sensory information by expressing a particular repertoire of critical components, and by placing them at precise and strategic locations, so that a continuous supply of primed vesicles and Ca2+ influx leads to fast, accurate, and ongoing exocytosis. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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