期刊
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
卷 54, 期 11, 页码 1249-1264出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00240-3
关键词
nicotine; amphetamine; clozapine; brain reward thresholds; withdrawal; somatic signs; schizophrenia; negative symptoms; rat
资金
- NIDA NIH HHS [R56 DA011946, DA11946] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [MH62527] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R01MH062527] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE [R01DA011946, R56DA011946] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Background: Based on the phenomenologic similarity between symptoms of drug withdrawal and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia (e.g., anhedonia), we hypothesized that treatment with clozapine may be effective against nicotine and amphetamine withdrawal. Methods: A rate-independent discrete-trial threshold procedure was used to assess brain stimulation reward in rats prepared with electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus. Somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal were also assessed. Results: Clozapine administration (.75 or 1.5 mg/kg) during nicotine or amphetamine withdrawal did not affect the threshold elevations associated with drug withdrawal. The .75 mg/kg clozapine dose reversed the increased number of somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal. Ten days of clozapine treatment (3 mg/kg/b.i.d.) before exposure to nicotine prevented the threshold elevations in a subset of rats and the increases in somatic signs in all subjects. Fourteen-day pretreatment with clozapine (6 mg/kg/day) decreased the duration of amphetamine withdrawal. Conclusions: Correlational analyses indicated that the ability of clozapine to prevent the affective aspects of drug withdrawal depended on low sensitivity to acute clozapine under baseline conditions. The results are consistent with the clinical situation where clozapine is partially effective against the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and more effective in some individuals than others. These results indicate that lack of sensitivity to the initial negative effects of clozapine may predict its a subsequent therapeutic response. Finally, the data suggest that there may be commonalities in the neurosubstrates mediating affective aspects of drug withdrawal and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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