Visualization of modulatory effects of serotonin in the silkmoth antennal lobe

A unique serotonin-immunoreactive neuron innervates every glomerulus of the contralateral antennal lobe (AL), the primary olfactory center, of the male silkmoth Bombyx mori. In order to examine the possible modulatory effects of serotonin in the AL, we utilized high-speed optical imaging with a voltage-sensitive dye combined with bath application of serotonin. We found that serotonin at 10(-4) mol l(-1) caused significant and reversible increases in the optical responses in both the macroglomerular complex (MGC) and the ordinary glomeruli (Gs) evoked by electrical stimulation of the antennal nerve. Optical responses in both the MGC and Gs were also significantly longer lasting following serotonin application. Serotonin exerted a significantly greater enhancing effect in the toroid glomerulus of the MGC than in the cumulus, and the effects of serotonin were also non-homogenously distributed in the Gs. Our results are evidence that serotonin acts in both the MGC and Gs to modulate the responses of neuronal populations.