The transcription factors HvABI5 and HvVP1 are required for the abscisic acid induction of gene expression in barley aleurone cells

The abscisic acid (ABA) response promoter complexes (ABRCs) of the HVA1 and HVA22 genes have been shown to confer ABA-induced gene expression in cereals. A barley basic domain/Leu zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, HvAB15, is able to recognize ABRCs in vitro in a sequence-specific manner and to transactivate ABRC-beta-glucuronidase reporter genes when introduced to barley aleurone cells via particle bombardment. This transactivation is dependent on the presence of another transcription factor, HvVP1, and cannot be blocked by the negative regulator abi1-1. Using the double-stranded RNA interference technique, we show that HvAB15 and HvVP1 are necessary for the ABA induction of gene expression but have no effect on another hormone-regulated process, the gibberellin-induced and ABA-suppressed expression of alpha-amylase. Our work indicates that although other typical plant bZIP transcription factors may bind ABRCs in vitro, HvAB15 is related to a subfamily of bZIPs responsible for the ABA induction of gene expression. Furthermore, HvAB15 and HvVF1 are not involved in the ABA suppression of gene expression.