期刊
CELL
卷 147, 期 4, 页码 789-802出版社
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.002
关键词
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资金
- NIH [AG10770]
- Ruth L. Kirschstein NRSA [GM080853]
- Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation [DRG-2033-09]
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
The ability to sequence genomes has far outstripped approaches for deciphering the information they encode. Here we present a suite of techniques, based on ribosome profiling (the deep sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments), to provide genome-wide maps of protein synthesis as well as a pulse-chase strategy for determining rates of translation elongation. We exploit the propensity of harringtonine to cause ribosomes to accumulate at sites of translation initiation together with a machine learning algorithm to define protein products systematically. Analysis of translation in mouse embryonic stem cells reveals thousands of strong pause sites and unannotated translation products. These include amino-terminal extensions and truncations and upstream open reading frames with regulatory potential, initiated at both AUG and non-AUG codons, whose translation changes after differentiation. We also define a class of short, polycistronic ribosome-associated coding RNAs (sprcRNAs) that encode small proteins. Our studies reveal an unanticipated complexity to mammalian proteomes.
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