A ceRNA Hypothesis: The Rosetta Stone of a Hidden RNA Language?

Here, we present a unifying hypothesis about how messenger RNAs, transcribed pseudogenes, and long noncoding RNAs talk to each other using microRNA response elements (MREs) as letters of a new language. We propose that this competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity forms a large-scale regulatory network across the transcriptome, greatly expanding the functional genetic information in the human genome and playing important roles in pathological conditions, such as cancer.